Question

which of the following statements is true about crime in the united states?
a. males have higher arrest rates than females in the category of commercialized vice.
b. alaskan natives make up the majority of all arrests for murder and nonnegligent manslaughter.
c. african americans are more likely than people in other racial or ethnic classifications to become crime victims.
d. the median age of those arrested for aggravated assault and homicide is generally in the late fifties.

in the context of the basic gang types identified by cloward and ohlin, gangs that are unable to gain success through legitimate means and are unwilling to do so through illegal ones are called ___________.
a. conflict gangs
b. rebellion gangs
c. retreatist gangs
d. criminal gangs

Explanation:

• For the first question:
• Option a: Females have higher arrest rates in commercialized vice (e.g., prostitution).
• Option b: African - Americans have a significant proportion in murder and non - negligent manslaughter arrests, not Alaskan Natives.
• Option c: African Americans are more likely to be crime victims due to various social, economic, and systemic factors.
• Option d: The median age for aggravated assault and homicide arrests is much younger (usually in the 20s - 30s).
• For the second question:
• Cloward and Ohlin's typology:
• Conflict gangs: Seek status through violence.
• Rebellion gangs: Reject both legitimate and illegitimate means.
• Retreatist gangs: Withdraw from both legitimate and illegitimate opportunities (unable to succeed legitimately and unwilling to do so illegally).
• Criminal gangs: Use illegal means for success.

Answer:

1. C. African Americans are more likely than people in other racial or ethnic classifications to become crime victims.
2. C. retreatist gangs