Question

which of the following is most likely to illustrate the effects of simpson’s paradox?
○ patient outcome statistics comparing results for regional hospitals and large teaching hospitals.
○ the relationship between color and body types of cars
○ none of the given answers are likely to illustrate the effects of simpson’s paradox.
○ the relationship between favorite color and gender of students

Explanation:

Simpson’s Paradox occurs when a trend appears in different groups but reverses when groups are combined. Patient outcome statistics comparing regional (smaller) and large teaching hospitals can have such a paradox: e.g., a hospital might seem better in subgroups but worse overall (or vice versa) due to differing case mixes. Color - body type of cars or favorite color - gender are less likely to have the causal or group - based confounding needed for Simpson’s Paradox. So the first option about patient outcomes is most likely.

Answer:

A. patient outcome statistics comparing results for regional hospitals and large teaching hospitals.