Question

which of the following is not an ethical rule in science?
a scientific researchers must inform coworkers about any risks of their research.
b scientific researchers should try to find the results they expect.
c scientific research must be reported honestly.
d human subjects must be told that they may refuse to participate in the research.

Explanation:

• Option a: Informing coworkers about research risks is an ethical practice to ensure safety and transparency.
• Option b: Scientific research should be objective, and trying to find expected results (cherry - picking or biasing results) goes against the principle of scientific integrity and is not an ethical rule.
• Option c: Honest reporting of research is a fundamental ethical rule in science to maintain credibility.
• Option d: Informing human subjects of their right to refuse participation is an ethical requirement for research involving humans (informed consent).

Answer:

b. Scientific researchers should try to find the results they expect.