Question

1. which of the following characters did not suffer punishment because they had acted with hubris?

orpheus

arachne

icarus

phaethon

Explanation:

Analyze the concept of hubris in the given options

Hubris refers to dangerous overconfidence or pride, often leading to a challenge against the gods and resulting in divine retribution.

• Arachne challenged Athena to a weaving contest, boasting her skill was superior to a goddess's (hubris), and was punished by being turned into a spider.
• Icarus ignored his father's warnings and flew too close to the sun out of overconfidence (hubris), melting his wings and falling to his death.
• Phaethon insisted on driving the sun chariot of Helios to prove his divine lineage despite warnings (hubris), lost control, and was struck down by Zeus's thunderbolt to save the Earth.

Evaluate the exception

• Orpheus suffered because he looked back at his wife, Eurydice, while leaving the Underworld, violating Hades' condition. This act was driven by doubt, grief, and love rather than hubris (defiant pride against the gods).

Answer:

• (A) Orpheus (Correct answer)
• (B) Arachne
• (C) Icarus
• (D) Phaethon