Question

when the western allies created west germany as a nation in 1948, how did the soviet union respond?
it established a blockade of west berlin.
it recognized west germany as a nation.
it agreed that east and west germany should unite.
it withdrew its troops from east germany.

Explanation:

In 1948, the Western Allies' creation of West Germany (the Federal Republic of Germany) was opposed by the Soviet Union, which sought to maintain control over its occupied zone in Germany. As a direct response, the Soviets cut off all land and water access to West Berlin, a Western-controlled enclave within East Germany, in an attempt to force the Allies out. The other options are incorrect: the Soviet Union never recognized West Germany at this time, opposed unification on Western terms, and did not withdraw troops from East Germany.

Answer:

It established a blockade of West Berlin.