Question

1. what was the original purpose of the bill of rights?

to give the president more authority.
to limit the powers of the national government and protect individual liberties.
to protect individual rights from state governments.
to allow states to override federal laws.

1. what is the doctrine of incorporation?

the ability of states to ignore federal laws.
the process by which the federal government controls state laws.
the requirement that states pass their own bill of rights.
the process by which the supreme court applies the protections of the bill of rights to the states using the 14th amendment

1. the 14th amendments due process clause has been used to:

allow states to pass laws that violate individual rights.
eliminate the powers of the federal government.
incorporate certain protections in the bill of rights to apply at the state level.
give states more authority over national security.

Explanation:

1. The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution to limit the powers of the national government and protect individual liberties. It was not about giving the President more authority (as the President's powers are defined elsewhere in the Constitution), protecting from state governments initially (that came later with incorporation), or allowing states to override federal laws (which goes against the Supremacy Clause).
2. The Doctrine of Incorporation is the process by which the Supreme Court applies the protections of the Bill of Rights to the states using the 14th Amendment. It's not about states ignoring federal laws (unconstitutional), federal government controlling state laws in a general sense (but rather applying specific rights), or states passing their own Bill of Rights (the focus is on applying the federal Bill of Rights to states).
3. The 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause has been used to incorporate certain protections in the Bill of Rights to apply at the state level. It's not about allowing states to violate rights (opposite of its purpose), eliminating federal powers (not its intent), or giving states more authority over national security (not related to this clause's main use).

Answer:

1. To limit the powers of the national government and protect individual liberties.
2. The process by which the Supreme Court applies the protections of the Bill of Rights to the states using the 14th Amendment.
3. Incorporate certain protections in the Bill of Rights to apply at the state level.