what is capitalism?
what did smith say was the main purpose of government?

| from | thomas hobbes | john locke |
|------|---------------|------------|
| born / died | | |
| list one famous book | | |
| what did this person say about the role of government? | | |

queen victoria was from what country?
born? died?
how long was she queen for?
during what revolution was she in power?
what colonies did her country acquire during her reign as queen?

during the industrial revolution, why did children as young as 5 years old work in factories and mines?
if a child was injured in a factory or mine, what usually happened to them?
list two laws passed in great britain during the 1800’s that limited the hours of children working in mines and factories:

Question

what is capitalism?
what did smith say was the main purpose of government?

| from | thomas hobbes | john locke |
|------|---------------|------------|
| born / died |               |            |
| list one famous book |               |            |
| what did this person say about the role of government? |               |            |

queen victoria was from what country?
born? died?
how long was she queen for?
during what revolution was she in power?
what colonies did her country acquire during her reign as queen?

during the industrial revolution, why did children as young as 5 years old work in factories and mines?
if a child was injured in a factory or mine, what usually happened to them?
list two laws passed in great britain during the 1800’s that limited the hours of children working in mines and factories:

Accepted Answer

### 1. What is capitalism?
# Brief Explanations:
Capitalism is an economic system where private individuals or businesses own capital goods. The production of goods and services is driven by the profit motive, with prices, production, and distribution determined by free markets (supply and demand). It emphasizes private property, competition, and the accumulation of capital.
# Answer:
An economic system where private entities own capital goods, production is profit - driven, and markets (supply - demand) determine prices, production, and distribution, emphasizing private property, competition, and capital accumulation.

### 2. What did Smith (Adam Smith) say was the main purpose of government?
# Brief Explanations:
Adam Smith, in "The Wealth of Nations", stated that the main purposes of government were to protect national security (defend against foreign threats), enforce justice (protect private property and ensure contracts are upheld), and provide public goods (like infrastructure) that the market might not adequately supply due to non - excludability or non - rivalry.
# Answer:
Adam Smith said the main purposes of government were to protect national security, enforce justice (protect private property/contracts), and provide public goods the market may not supply.

### 3. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke Comparison Table
| From | Thomas Hobbes | John Locke |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Born / Died | Born: 1588, Died: 1679 | Born: 1632, Died: 1704 |
| List one famous book | "Leviathan" | "Two Treatises of Government" |
| What did this person say about the role of government? | Argued for a strong, absolute sovereign (monarchy) to prevent the "state of nature" (chaos, war of all against all). People give up rights to the sovereign for security. | Believed government's role was to protect natural rights (life, liberty, property). If government fails, people can revolt. Advocated for limited government with consent of the governed. |

### 4. Queen Victoria - Related Questions
- **Queen Victoria was from what country?**
# Brief Explanations:
Queen Victoria was from the United Kingdom (specifically, she was the monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland).
# Answer:
United Kingdom (of Great Britain and Ireland)
- **Born? Died?**
# Brief Explanations:
Queen Victoria was born on May 24, 1819, and died on January 22, 1901.
# Answer:
Born: May 24, 1819; Died: January 22, 1901
- **How long was she queen for?**
# Brief Explanations:
She reigned from 1837 to 1901. To find the length, we calculate $1901 - 1837=64$ years.
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Identify the start and end years of her reign.
Start year: 1837, End year: 1901.
## Step 2: Calculate the difference between the end and start years.
$1901 - 1837 = 64$
# Answer:
64 years (1837 - 1901)
- **During what revolution was she in power?**
# Brief Explanations:
Queen Victoria was in power during the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution was a period of major industrialization, technological change, and economic transformation, and her reign (1837 - 1901) coincided with its peak and spread.
# Answer:
Industrial Revolution
- **What colonies did her country acquire during her reign as queen?**
# Brief Explanations:
During her reign, the UK acquired many colonies, including parts of Africa (e.g., Egypt (informal control), South Africa - expanding British influence), and in Asia (e.g., more control over India, parts of Southeast Asia like Malaya). Also, territories in the Pacific like New Guinea (parts) and Fiji.
# Answer:
Examples include parts of Africa (Egypt, South Africa), Asia (India expansion, Malaya), and Pacific (New Guinea (parts), Fiji).

### 5. During the Industrial Revolution, why did children as young as 5 years old work in factories and mines?
# Brief Explanations:
During the Industrial Revolution, children worked because families were poor and needed extra income. Factories and mines preferred children as they were cheap labor, could fit in small spaces (e.g., in mines), and were less likely to unionize or demand better conditions. Also, there were few child labor laws at the time.
# Answer:
Families needed income, children were cheap labor, could fit in small spaces, and few child labor laws existed.

### 6. If a child was injured in a factory or mine, what usually happened to them?
# Brief Explanations:
Injured children were often fired (as they could no longer work) and received no compensation. Their families, already poor, would struggle more, and the injured children might face lifelong disability and poverty, with little medical care available.
# Answer:
They were often fired, received no compensation, faced disability/poverty with little medical care.

### 7. List two laws passed in Great Britain during the 1800’s that limited the hours of children working in mines and factories:
# Brief Explanations:
1. **Factory Act of 1833**: Limited the working hours of children. Children under 9 were not to work in factories, 9 - 13 year - olds to work no more than 9 hours a day, and 13 - 18 year - olds no more than 12 hours.
2. **Mines Act of 1842**: Prohibited women and children under 10 from working in underground mines.
# Answer:
1. Factory Act of 1833
2. Mines Act of 1842

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Question

Explanation:

1. What is capitalism?

Answer:

2. What did Smith (Adam Smith) say was the main purpose of government?

from	thomas hobbes	john locke
list one famous book
what did this person say about the role of government?