Question

2 using a red pen, put in the commas where they are needed to separate the lists.
a i like onions garlic gherkins and pickles but not olives.
b she invited her neighbour her teacher and her coach to the prize giving.
c john came first sam second daniel third and i came last.
d how do you start a flea race? one two flea go!
e i got 100% in the end-of-year exams: 40% for maths 30% for english 20% for social studies and 10% for science!

3 using a red pen, put in the commas where they are needed to separate the explanations.
a ms howell the teacher with the curly hair is the person taking names.
b brendan had crossed the road thank goodness before the accident took place.
c mrs raven the school guidance counsellor has an appointment with my parents at 12 oclock.
d snakes and spiders which i hate are commonly found in the australian outback.
e lord of the rings my favourite book has been made into a movie.

4 using a red pen, put in the commas where they are needed in the following passage.
eric and greg twin brothers wanted their grandmother to make them pikelets. in order for her to be able to complete the recipe she asked the boys to go and get some things from the supermarket. they had to get eggs butter and flour but they came home with eggs sugar and milk! gran who was a cheerful lady couldnt believe her eyes as she went through the plastic bag. eric and greg were sent to try again. hopefully they will do better this time.

Explanation:

Analyze comma rules for lists

Using the Comma Rules and Punctuation knowledge points, we separate items in a list. Commas separate three or more elements in a series. In coordinate clauses, they separate independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions.

• a: "onions, garlic, gherkins and pickles" (list of items).
• b: "her neighbour, her teacher and her coach" (list of items).
• c: "John came first, Sam second, Daniel third, and I came last." (separating independent/coordinate clauses).
• d: "One, two, flea, go!" (sequential list).
• e: "40% for maths, 30% for English, 20% for studies and 10% for science!" (list of statistics).

Analyze comma rules for explanations

Using the Comma Rules knowledge point, we set off non-essential explanations, appositives, and parenthetical elements with commas.

• a: "the teacher with the curly hair" is an appositive phrase explaining "Ms Howell". It needs commas before and after: "Ms Howell, the teacher with the curly hair, is..."
• b: "thank goodness" is a parenthetical expression interrupting the clause. It needs commas: "...road, thank goodness, before..."
• c: "the school guidance counsellor" is an appositive explaining "Mrs Raven": "Mrs Raven, the school guidance counsellor, has..."
• d: "which I hate" is a non-restrictive relative clause: "Snakes and spiders, which I hate, are..."
• e: "my favourite book" is an appositive explaining "Lord of the Rings": "Lord of the Rings, my favourite book, has..."

Analyze commas in the passage

Using the Comma Rules and Punctuation knowledge points, we apply these rules to the continuous passage in section 4.

• "Eric and Greg, twin brothers, wanted..." (appositive).
• "In order for her to be able to complete the recipe, she..." (introductory adverbial clause).
• "...eggs, butter and flour..." (list).
• "...but they came home with eggs, sugar and milk!" (compound sentence conjunction and list).
• "Gran, who was a cheerful lady, couldn't..." (non-restrictive relative clause).
• "Hopefully, they will do better this time." (introductory adverb).

Answer:

Question 2

Using commas to separate items in lists:

• a I like onions, garlic, gherkins and pickles but not olives.
• b She invited her neighbour, her teacher and her coach to the prize giving.
• c John came first, Sam second, Daniel third, and I came last.
• d One, two, flea, go!
• e I got 100% in the end-of-year exams: 40% for maths, 30% for English, 20% for studies and 10% for science!

Question 3

Using commas to set off explanations, appositives, and parenthetical elements:

• a Ms Howell, the teacher with the curly hair, is the person taking names.
• b Brendan had crossed the road, thank goodness, before the accident took place.
• c Mrs Raven, the school guidance counsellor, has an appointment with my parents at 12 o'clock.
• d Snakes and spiders, which I hate, are commonly found in the Australian outback.
• e Lord of the Rings, my favourite book, has been made into a movie.

Question 4

Using commas in the passage:

Eric and Greg, twin brothers, wanted their grandmother to make them pikelets. In order for her to be able to complete the recipe, she asked the boys to go and get some things from the supermarket. They had to get eggs, butter and flour but they came home with eggs, sugar and milk! Gran, who was a cheerful lady, couldn't believe her eyes as she went through the plastic bag. Eric and Greg were sent to try again. Hopefully, they will do better this time.