Question

under-coverage may result from a:

a. simple random sample.

b. random sample.

c. poorly worded question.

d. convenience sample.

Explanation:

Under - coverage occurs when some members of the population are left out of the sampling frame. A convenience sample is a non - probability sampling method where samples are taken from a population that is easily accessible. This often leads to under - coverage as it may not represent the entire target population. In contrast, simple random samples (A) and random samples (B) are designed to be representative and do not typically cause under - coverage. A poorly worded question (C) causes response bias, not under - coverage.

Answer:

D. convenience sample.