Question

resistance to antibiotics results from variations in the genetic code of streptococcus pneumoniae. which type of molecule encodes genetic information in streptococcus pneumoniae? a. carbohydrate b. fatty acid c. nucleic acid d. protein. the diagram below shows a monomer a macromolecule. which type of molecule contains these monomers? a. carbohydrates b. proteins c. nucleic acid d. lipid general structure of an α - amino acid. carbohydrates are a type of biological macromolecule required to carry out life functions. which of the following is not true regarding carbohydrates? a. monomers of starch are sugars such as sucrose. b. living things store extra sugars as complex carbohydrates. c. they contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, usually in the ratio of 1:2:1. d. carbohydrates are the main substance that makes up cell membrane. what is the function of macromolecule unit below? a. energy b. catalyst c. stores genetic information d. composes the majority of the cell membrane. 5. which of the following diagrams below is an example of a carbohydrate? a. 5 b. 3 c. 2 d. 4 e. 1 7. which of the following is not matched correctly? a. carbohydrates - provide short energy; structural part of cell walls b. lipids - provide long term energy; component of cell membranes c. proteins - provide energy needed for protein synthesis d. nucleic acids - stores genetic information; protein synthesis 9. many of the proteins in the human body are enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions. what is the relationship between enzymes and activation energy? a. when an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it increases the activation energy of the reaction and speeds it up. b. when an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it increases the activation energy of the product and speeds it up. c. when an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it decreases the activation energy of the reaction and speeds it up. d. when an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it does not affect the activation energy of the reaction. 11. large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. what is the reason for this phenomenon? a. water is an acid. b. water is a versatile solvent. c. water acts as a buffer. d. water has a high heat capacity. glossary - activation energy: least amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to take place. - amino acid: building block or monomer of proteins - carbohydrates: sugars; provide short term energy for cells. - catalyst: enzymes; speeds up chemical reaction and lower activation energy - cohesion: water is attracted to each other; sticky and clumps together into drops - enzymes: act as catalysts and help complex reactions occur by speeding up reactions and lowering the activation energy. - lipid: fats; long term energy; insulates the body - macromolecule/biomolecule: occurs naturally in organisms; ex: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids - monomer: is a molecule that may bind chemically to other molecules to form a polymer; ex: nucleotides are the monomers of nucleic acids - nucleic acid: dna and rna; stores genetic information; information to create proteins - nucleotide: building block/monomer for dna and rna - polarity: state of having two opposites sides; water has a positive end and a negative end - protein: large biomolecule consisting of chains of amino acids; ex: enzymes, hormones - universal solvent: capable of dissolving a variety of different substances; water

Explanation:

1. For the question about which diagram is an example of a carbohydrate, the general structure of a carbohydrate monomer has carbon, hydrogen and oxygen usually in the ratio of 1:2:1. Diagram (2) shows a structure consistent with a carbohydrate.
2. For the question about what macromolecule contains the given monomer (amino - acid structure shown), amino - acids are the monomers of proteins.
3. For the mismatch question, proteins are mainly for building and repairing tissues, catalyzing reactions etc., not for providing energy needed for protein synthesis. Carbohydrates are the main energy source for cells.
4. For the enzyme - activation energy question, enzymes act as catalysts and lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction to speed it up.
5. For the question about why large bodies of water don't quickly fluctuate in temperature, water has a high heat capacity which means it can absorb or release a large amount of heat without a large change in temperature.

Answer:

1. B. 3
2. C. Proteins - provide energy needed for protein synthesis
3. C. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it decreases the activation energy of the reaction and speeds it up.
4. D. Water has a high heat capacity.