Question

read the excerpt from shirley chisholms speech \equal rights for women.\

more than half of the population of the united states is female. but women occupy only 2 percent of the managerial positions. they have not even reached the level of tokenism yet. no women sit on the afl - cio council or supreme court. there have been only two women who have held cabinet rank, and at present there are none. only two women now hold ambassadorial rank in the diplomatic corps. in congress, we are down to one senator and 10 representatives.

the ninth amendment states

the enumeration in the constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

which statement describes chisholms application of the ninth amendment principles to her perspective on the unfair treatment between women and men?
move each item to the correct column.
equal rights for women

describes chisholms application of the ninth amendment does not describe chisholms application of the ninth amendment

chisholm effectively applies the ninth amendment because she provides evidence that women are not equal in the workplace or in government, illustrating a denial of the rights guaranteed in the amendment.

chisholm ineffectively applies the ninth amendment because she fails to establish any proof that women are not given the same rights as men under the constitution and the bill of rights.

chisholm effectively applies the ninth amendment because she uses the wording of the amendment to show that the constitution explicitly states men and women are equal, showing that no one should be denied any rights guaranteed in the amendment.

Explanation:

To determine the correct categorization, we analyze each statement:

1. "Chisholm effectively applies the Ninth Amendment because she provides evidence that women are not equal in the workplace or in government, illustrating a denial of the rights guaranteed in the amendment."

Chisholm’s speech provides statistics (e.g., 2% of managerial positions, few women in government roles) to show women’s unequal treatment. The Ninth Amendment prohibits denying unenumerated rights, so this evidence of inequality aligns with the amendment’s principles (denial of rights). Thus, this describes her application.

1. "Chisholm ineffectively applies the Ninth Amendment because she fails to establish any proof that women are not given the same rights as men under the Constitution and the Bill of Rights."

Chisholm does provide evidence (e.g., workplace/government representation) of unequal treatment, so this claim that she “fails to establish proof” is incorrect. Thus, this does not describe her application.

1. "Chisholm effectively applies the Ninth Amendment because she uses the wording of the amendment to show that the Constitution explicitly states men and women are equal, showing that no one should be denied any rights guaranteed in the amendment."

The Ninth Amendment does not explicitly state men and women are equal; it addresses unenumerated rights. Chisholm’s argument relies on evidence of inequality (not the amendment’s wording to “explicitly” assert equality). Thus, this does not describe her application.

Describes Chisholm’s Application of the Ninth Amendment:

• Chisholm effectively applies the Ninth Amendment because she provides evidence that women are not equal in the workplace or in government, illustrating a denial of the rights guaranteed in the amendment.

Does Not Describe Chisholm’s Application of the Ninth Amendment:

• Chisholm ineffectively applies the Ninth Amendment because she fails to establish any proof that women are not given the same rights as men under the Constitution and the Bill of Rights.
• Chisholm effectively applies the Ninth Amendment because she uses the wording of the amendment to show that the Constitution explicitly states men and women are equal, showing that no one should be denied any rights guaranteed in the amendment.

Answer:

Describes Chisholm’s Application of the Ninth Amendment:

• Chisholm effectively applies the Ninth Amendment because she provides evidence that women are not equal in the workplace or in government, illustrating a denial of the rights guaranteed in the amendment.

Does Not Describe Chisholm’s Application of the Ninth Amendment:

• Chisholm ineffectively applies the Ninth Amendment because she fails to establish any proof that women are not given the same rights as men under the Constitution and the Bill of Rights.
• Chisholm effectively applies the Ninth Amendment because she uses the wording of the amendment to show that the Constitution explicitly states men and women are equal, showing that no one should be denied any rights guaranteed in the amendment.