Question

read the excerpt from the republic by plato.
in the honour given to rulers, in the abstinence of the warrior class from agriculture, handicrafts, and trade in general, in the institution of common meals, and in the attention paid to gymnastics and military training—in all these respects this state will resemble the former.
true
but in the fear of admitting philosophers to power, because they are no longer to be had simple and earnest, but are made up of mixed elements; and in turning from them to passionate and less complex characters, who are by nature fitted for war rather than peace, and in the value set by them upon military stratagems and contrivances, and in the waging of everlasting wars—this state will be for the most part peculiar
which rhetorical device do both plato and more use in these excerpts?

• both use pathos by choosing words that heighten the importance of agriculture.
• both use kairos by arguing that a particular societal structure must be implemented.
• both use logos by describing the importance of certain professions in society.
• both use ethos by establishing that they have greater authority than the government in day - to - day life.

Explanation:

To determine the rhetorical device, we analyze each option:

• Pathos appeals to emotion; the excerpts don't focus on emotional language about agriculture. Eliminate the first option.
• Kairos is about timing/opportunity; the excerpts don't argue about timing of societal structure. Eliminate the second option.
• Logos uses logical reasoning/description of concepts. Plato describes the roles of different classes (rulers, warrior class, philosophers) and their societal functions, which involves explaining the importance of professions (or societal roles) in the state. This matches logos.
• Ethos is about establishing credibility/authority, but the excerpts don't claim greater authority than government. Eliminate the fourth option.

Answer:

C. Both use logos by describing the importance of certain professions in society.