Question

a radio station asks its listeners to call in their opinion regarding the closing of fire stations in the city.

identify the sampling method used, and explain why this sample could be biased.

Explanation:

Identify the sampling method

Using the Voluntary Response Sampling knowledge point

The sampling method used is Voluntary Response Sampling (or a voluntary response sample). This occurs because the radio station asks listeners to take the initiative to call in, meaning the participants choose themselves to be part of the sample.

Explain why the sample could be biased

Using the Sampling Bias Sources knowledge point

This sample is highly susceptible to bias for two main reasons:

1. Strong Opinions: People with strong, often negative, feelings about the closing of fire stations are much more likely to take the time to call in than those who are indifferent.
2. Undercoverage: The sample only includes people who listen to this specific radio station at that particular time, excluding the rest of the city's population.

of Bias:
The sample is biased because it relies on self-selected volunteers. People who choose to call in are more likely to have strong, passionate opinions (often negative regarding the closures) compared to the general public. Additionally, it only represents the specific subset of the population that listens to this radio station.
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Answer:

Sampling Method:
Voluntary Response Sampling

Explanation of Bias:
The sample is biased because it relies on self-selected volunteers. People who choose to call in are more likely to have strong, passionate opinions (often negative regarding the closures) compared to the general public. Additionally, it only represents the specific subset of the population that listens to this radio station.