Question

question 36 (1 point)
which reformer taught consubstantiation — christ is present in the bread and wine during the service, but not afterward?
a john calvin
b anabaptists
c ulrich zwingli
d martin luther

question 37 (1 point)
what motivated fifteenth - century european monarchs to find a sea route to east asia?
a they were searching for a mythical river that connected the atlantic and pacific oceans.
b they sought to spread democracy and enlightenment ideals to the people of asia.
c they primarily wanted to discover new species of animals and plants for science.
d they desired gain direct access to valuable asian spices and goods.

Explanation:

Question 36

To solve this, we recall the beliefs of each reformer:

• John Calvin taught about predestination and a spiritual presence in the Eucharist, not consubstantiation.
• Anabaptists focused on adult baptism and community, not this Eucharist doctrine.
• Ulrich Zwingli saw the Eucharist as a symbolic remembrance.
• Martin Luther taught consubstantiation, where Christ is present in the bread and wine during the service (but not in a transubstantiation - like permanent way, and not afterward in the same sense as during the service).

Analyzing each option:

• Option a: The mythical river (like the Northwest Passage) was a later or different exploration goal, not for East Asia in the 15th century.
• Option b: Spreading democracy and enlightenment was not a 15th - century European monarchs' motivation (enlightenment was later, and democracy spread much later too).
• Option c: Scientific discovery of new species was not the primary motivation; economic gain was more important.
• Option d: In the 15th century, European monarchs wanted to bypass the Ottoman - controlled land routes to get direct access to Asian spices (like pepper, cinnamon) and other valuable goods, which was a major economic motivation for sea route exploration to East Asia.

Answer:

d. Martin Luther

Question 37