part two: phase changes
states of matter are also know as the phases of matter. when something changes from one phase to another it is called a phase change. example: solid ice melts to liquid water.
because our simulator is a \closed system\ you will notice that changes in temperature will result in changes in pressure and vice versa. adding particles will also have an effect. you can increase or decrease both temperature and pressure and even add particles. just be careful, if you go too far youll blow the whole thing up!
experiment with changes in temperature and pressure then fill in the chart below.
15. experiment with the simulator to discover how temperature and pressure are related. experiment with all four substances and write \laws\ to describe the relationship between temperature and pressure.
| control | temperature | pressure | write a \law\ |
|--|--|--|--|
| increase temperature (turn on heat and hold) | increases ↑ | increases ↑ | an increase in temperature causes an increase in pressure. |
| decrease temperature (turn on cool and hold) | | | |
| increase pressure (press down on lid) | | | |
| decrease pressure (pull up on lid) | | | |
| add particles (press pump 10 times) | | | |
to decrease pressure, first press the lid about 1/4 of the way down and wait a few seconds. then slowly pull up on the lid

Question

part two: phase changes
states of matter are also know as the phases of matter. when something changes from one phase to another it is called a phase change. example: solid ice melts to liquid water.
because our simulator is a \closed system\ you will notice that changes in temperature will result in changes in pressure and vice versa. adding particles will also have an effect. you can increase or decrease both temperature and pressure and even add particles. just be careful, if you go too far youll blow the whole thing up!
experiment with changes in temperature and pressure then fill in the chart below.
15. experiment with the simulator to discover how temperature and pressure are related. experiment with all four substances and write \laws\ to describe the relationship between temperature and pressure.
| control | temperature | pressure | write a \law\ |
|--|--|--|--|
| increase temperature (turn on heat and hold) | increases ↑ | increases ↑ | an increase in temperature causes an increase in pressure. |
| decrease temperature (turn on cool and hold) |  |  |  |
| increase pressure (press down on lid) |  |  |  |
| decrease pressure (pull up on lid) |  |  |  |
| add particles (press pump 10 times) |  |  |  |
to decrease pressure, first press the lid about 1/4 of the way down and wait a few seconds. then slowly pull up on the lid

Accepted Answer

# Explanation:
## Step1: Analyze decrease in temperature
When temperature is decreased (turn on cool and hold), in a closed - system like the simulator, the kinetic energy of the particles decreases. Since pressure is related to the collisions of particles with the walls of the container, a decrease in the kinetic energy of particles leads to less frequent and less forceful collisions. So, the pressure decreases.
**Temperature**: Decreases
**Pressure**: Decreases
**Law**: A decrease in temperature causes a decrease in pressure.
## Step2: Analyze increase in pressure
When pressure is increased (press down on lid), the volume of the container effectively decreases (assuming the system is somewhat compressible). According to the ideal gas law (PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature), if the number of particles (n) and temperature (T) are kept constant, a decrease in volume leads to an increase in pressure. Also, the increased pressure can cause the temperature to increase as work is done on the system. But if we focus on the direct cause - effect here, an increase in pressure is due to the external force applied by pressing down on the lid.
**Temperature**: Increases (due to work - done on the system)
**Pressure**: Increases
**Law**: An increase in pressure (by reducing volume) can cause an increase in temperature.
## Step3: Analyze decrease in pressure
When pressure is decreased (pull up on lid), the volume of the container increases. If the number of particles and temperature are relatively constant, the pressure decreases as the particles have more space to move around and collide less frequently with the walls. Also, if the system is allowed to adjust, the temperature may decrease as the particles expand into the larger volume and do work against the external environment.
**Temperature**: Decreases
**Pressure**: Decreases
**Law**: A decrease in pressure (by increasing volume) can cause a decrease in temperature.
## Step4: Analyze adding particles
When particles are added (press pump 10 times), the number of moles (n) in the system increases. Assuming the volume and temperature are initially constant, according to the ideal gas law PV = nRT, an increase in n will lead to an increase in pressure. Also, as more particles are added, the internal energy of the system increases, which can cause the temperature to increase.
**Temperature**: Increases
**Pressure**: Increases
**Law**: An increase in the number of particles causes an increase in both temperature and pressure.

# Answer:
| Control | Temperature | Pressure | Write a “Law” |
|---|---|---|---|
| Decrease Temperature (Turn on cool and hold) | Decreases | Decreases | A decrease in temperature causes a decrease in pressure. |
| Increase Pressure (Press down on lid) | Increases | Increases | An increase in pressure (by reducing volume) can cause an increase in temperature. |
| Decrease Pressure (Pull up on lid) | Decreases | Decreases | A decrease in pressure (by increasing volume) can cause a decrease in temperature. |
| Add Particles (Press pump 10 times) | Increases | Increases | An increase in the number of particles causes an increase in both temperature and pressure. |

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QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze decrease in temperature

Step2: Analyze increase in pressure

Step3: Analyze decrease in pressure

Step4: Analyze adding particles

Answer:

control	temperature	pressure	write a \law\
decrease temperature (turn on cool and hold)
increase pressure (press down on lid)
decrease pressure (pull up on lid)
add particles (press pump 10 times)

Control	Temperature	Pressure	Write a “Law”
Increase Pressure (Press down on lid)	Increases	Increases	An increase in pressure (by reducing volume) can cause an increase in temperature.
Decrease Pressure (Pull up on lid)	Decreases	Decreases	A decrease in pressure (by increasing volume) can cause a decrease in temperature.
Add Particles (Press pump 10 times)	Increases	Increases	An increase in the number of particles causes an increase in both temperature and pressure.