Question

\supporters of this new tax are simply out of touch with reality. theyre the same group of people whove never had to worry about making ends meet, sitting in their ivory towers making decisions that hurt hardworking citizens. theyre proposing this tax under the guise of helping the economy, but in reality, theyre just looking to burden the working class even more. they probably spend their days sipping champagne and have no idea what its like to struggle to pay bills or put food on the table. this tax is just another way for them to take more money from honest, everyday folks.\

1. what type of fallacy is used when the author says that those who support this topic are \out of touch with reality\?

• appeal to authority
• black-or-white
• ad hominem
• bandwagon

Explanation:

Analyze the quote

The author attacks the supporters of the tax personally, calling them "out of touch with reality," "sitting in their ivory towers," and "sipping champagne," rather than addressing the economic arguments of the tax itself.

Identify the fallacy

Attacking the character, background, or personal circumstances of the opponent instead of engaging with their actual argument is an ad hominem fallacy.

Evaluate the options

• Appeal to Authority: Relying on an unqualified figure's opinion. (Incorrect)
• Black-or-white: Presenting only two extreme options. (Incorrect)
• Ad hominem: Attacking the person rather than the argument. (Correct)
• Bandwagon: Arguing something is right because it is popular. (Incorrect)

Answer:

• Appeal to Authority
• Black-or-white
• Ad hominem (Correct answer)
• Bandwagon