Question

name: yosari c. date: ms. mantaring/mr. alvarez & mr. di fede - global history ii unit quiz: early modern era & enlightenment directions (1 - 5): for each statement or question, record on your separate answer sheet the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. \when the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates government officials, there can be no liberty; because apprehensions fears may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws to execute them in a tyrannical manner...\ source: baron de montesquieu, spirit of the laws 1. which groups ideas are best supported by this excerpt (1) enlightened philosophers (2) absolute monarchs (3) communists (4) missionaries 2. what problem (issue) does baron de montesquieu identify in this passage? (1) concentration of power (2) lack of natural rights (3) technological advancements (4) direct democracy 3. which solution would baron de montesquieu offer to avoid the enactment of tyrannical laws? (1) granting freedom of speech (2) reinstating absolute monarchies (3) separating the branches of government (4) limiting natural laws edict of 1635 ordering the closing of japan • japanese ships are strictly forbidden to leave for foreign countries. • no japanese is permitted to go abroad. if there is anyone who attempts to do so secretly, he must be executed. the ship so involved must be impounded and its owner arrested, and the matter must be reported to the higher authority. • if any japanese returns from overseas after residing there, he must be put to death...

Explanation:

1. Montesquieu was an Enlightened philosopher. His work focused on political theory, and the idea presented (separation of powers - implied by criticizing power unity) aligns with Enlightenment thinkers' emphasis on rational governance and liberty. Absolute Monarchs (2) would support power concentration (opposite of the excerpt). Communists (3) and Missionaries (4) have different core ideologies (class struggle/religious spread) not related to this political - liberty argument.
2. The text clearly states “When the legislative and executive powers are united... there can be no liberty”. This directly points to the problem of concentration of power. Lack of natural rights (2) is a broader concept not specifically addressed here. Technological advancements (3) and direct democracy (4) are not mentioned in the passage.
3. Montesquieu’s famous solution to prevent tyranny (from power concentration) was the separation of government branches (legislative, executive, judicial). Granting freedom of speech (1) is a liberty aspect but not his direct solution to power - related tyranny. Reinstating absolute monarchies (2) is contrary to his ideas. Limiting natural laws (4) is not a concept he proposed; his focus was on political structure (separation of powers).

Answer:

1. (1) Enlightened philosophers
2. (1) Concentration of power
3. (3) separating the branches of government