Question

1. that make them up. explain the functions of each of the 4 macromolecules and give examples of each.
2. what is an enzyme?
3. what is the enzyme - substrate complex?
4. what environmental factors affect an enzyme?
5. how does temperature and ph affect how an enzyme works?
6. which macromolecule is responsible for making a protein?
7. which macromolecules provide energy and which one does not?
8. what property of water is responsible for the regulation of our body temperature and the atmosphere temperature?
9. what properties of water are responsible for water moving from the bottom of a plant to the top, mentioning all the structures involved in water movement?
10. explain why ice floats on water.
11. review the steps of the scientific method and especially variables and experimental set up.

Explanation:

Step1: Recall macromolecule functions

Carbohydrates are energy - providers, lipids store energy and form membranes, proteins have multiple functions like building tissues and acting as enzymes, and nucleic acids store genetic info.

Step2: Define enzyme

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up reactions in living things.

Step3: Explain enzyme - substrate complex

It forms based on the complementary shape of enzyme's active site and substrate.

Step4: Analyze environmental effects on enzymes

Temperature and pH can change enzyme structure and function.

Step5: Describe temperature - enzyme relationship

Temperature affects molecular motion and enzyme conformation.

Step6: Identify protein - making macromolecule

Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are involved in protein synthesis.

Step7: List energy - providing macromolecules

Carbohydrates for immediate and lipids for long - term energy.

Step8: Explain water's temperature - regulating property

High specific heat capacity of water helps in temperature regulation.

Step9: Explain water movement in plants

Cohesion and adhesion are key for water transport in plants.

Step10: Explain why ice floats

Ice is less dense due to its crystalline structure.

Step11: List scientific method steps

Observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, data collection, analysis, and conclusion.

Answer:

1. Carbohydrates: Provide energy; Lipids: Store energy, form cell - membranes; Proteins: Build and repair tissues, act as enzymes; Nucleic acids: Store and transmit genetic information.
2. An enzyme is a biological catalyst, usually a protein, that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms.
3. The enzyme - substrate complex is formed when an enzyme binds to its specific substrate. This binding is based on the complementary shape of the active site of the enzyme and the substrate.
4. Environmental factors such as temperature and pH can affect an enzyme's activity. High or low temperatures can denature the enzyme, changing its shape and reducing its activity. Extreme pH values can also disrupt the enzyme's structure and function.
5. Temperature affects how an enzyme works by changing its conformation. At low temperatures, the reaction rate is slow due to less molecular motion. At high temperatures, the enzyme may denature.
6. The macromolecule responsible for making a protein is nucleic acid (DNA and RNA). DNA contains the genetic code, and through transcription and translation processes involving RNA, proteins are synthesized.
7. Macromolecules that provide energy are carbohydrates and lipids. Carbohydrates are the body's main source of immediate energy, while lipids are used for long - term energy storage.
8. The property of water that is responsible for the regulation of our body temperature and the atmosphere temperature is its high specific heat capacity. Water can absorb and release a large amount of heat without a significant change in its own temperature.
9. The properties of water that are responsible for water moving from the bottom of a plant to the top are cohesion and adhesion. Cohesion allows water molecules to stick together, and adhesion allows water to stick to the walls of plant vessels.
10. Ice floats on water because ice is less dense than liquid water. When water freezes, the hydrogen bonds cause the water molecules to form a crystalline structure with more space between them.
11. Steps for a scientific method - related experiment could include: making an observation, asking a question, forming a hypothesis, conducting an experiment, collecting data, analyzing data, and drawing a conclusion.