Question

learned helplessness means:

• struggling readers depend on support and instruction for the development of skills in reading.
• students become passive learners who rely on others to structure tasks for them so they can just get by.
• struggling readers become dependent on the use of books on tape and other multimedia devices to acquire information.
• struggling readers learn how to avoid reading tasks by exhibiting behavior problems.

Explanation:

Learned helplessness in the context of struggling readers (education - related, so Social Science - Education subfield) refers to a state where learners become dependent on external support. The first option describes struggling readers depending on support for reading skill development, which aligns with learned helplessness (passive reliance due to perceived lack of control over learning). Other options: second is about passive learning but less about dependency on support for skill dev; third is about multimedia devices (not core to learned helplessness); fourth is avoiding tasks via behavior problems (not about dependency on support).

Answer:

A. struggling readers depend on support and instruction for the development of skills in reading.