Question

the increase in literacy rates in europe beginning in the 1400s is often attributed to
○a. the decline of the black death.
○b. the beginning of the crusades.
○c. the invention of the printing press.
○d. the spread of the counter reformation.

Explanation:

The invention of the printing press in the 1400s made books more accessible and affordable, which led to an increase in literacy rates in Europe as more people had access to reading materials. The Black - Death (1347 - 1351) was a plague and its decline did not directly cause a rise in literacy. The Crusades (1095 - 1291) were military campaigns and not related to the 1400s literacy increase. The Counter - Reformation (1545 - 1648) came later and was a Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation.

Answer:

C. the invention of the printing press