Question

this image came from the german book face of our time by august sander which illustrated what defunct concept?
a) physiognomy said that you could inherit physical traits from your occupation.
b) the new vision, a conceptual movement that beautified the body.
c) surrealism and freudian concepts are one and the same.
d) new topographics, a belief that environmental portraits show the true character of the subject.

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each option:

• Option A: Physiognomy (the idea that physical traits relate to character/occupation, and Sander's work connected to defunct physiognomy - though the description here says "inherit physical traits from occupation" which is a misstatement but the concept linked to Sander's work is physiognomy - related.
• Option B: "The New Vision" focused on modernist photography techniques, not beautifying the body in this context.
• Option C: Surrealism and Freudian concepts aren't the focus of Sander's "Face of Our Time".
• Option D: New Topographics is about documentary landscape/architecture, not this.

The best fit (despite the wording error in A's description) is A as Sander's work was tied to physiognomy - like ideas of linking appearance to social role/occupation (the option's wording is flawed but it's the closest).

Answer:

A) Physiognomy said that you could inherit physical traits from your occupation.