Question

1. how does the second paragraph contribute to the structure of the author’s argument? it introduces new background information about sleep cycles it presents a counterargument and then refutes it it summarizes the evidence presented earlier it restates the author’s claim in different words

Explanation:

The second paragraph first presents a counterargument (some critics claim changing start times interferes with after - school activities) and then refutes it (by stating schools that adjusted schedules report no such issues as practices can be reorganized). The other options are incorrect: the first option is about introducing background on sleep cycles (not what the second paragraph does), the third option is about summarizing earlier evidence (it's a counter - refute, not a summary), and the fourth option is about restating the claim (it's dealing with a counterargument, not restating).

Answer:

It presents a counterargument and then refutes it.