Question

how can non - response bias affect the outcome of a survey?
a. by increasing the response rate
b. by making the survey easier to analyze
c. by making the survey shorter
d. by skewing the results toward the opinions of those who respond

Explanation:

Non - response bias occurs when those who do not respond to a survey have different opinions or characteristics than those who do. This means that the survey results will be more representative of the responders' views rather than the entire population. Options a, b, and c are incorrect. Increasing the response rate (a) would reduce non - response bias. Making the survey easier to analyze (b) or shorter (c) has no direct relation to non - response bias.

Answer:

d. By skewing the results toward the opinions of those who respond