Question

how do earthquakes help geologists understand earths interior? during an earthquake, geologists use a machine called a to study seismic waves. p waves can pass through both solid and molten rock, but s waves can pass only through rock.

Explanation:

Geologists use seismographs to detect seismic - waves during earthquakes. P - waves (primary waves) are compressional and can travel through solids and liquids (molten rock), while S - waves (secondary waves) are shear waves and can only travel through solids. By studying the behavior of these waves, geologists can infer the structure and composition of Earth's interior.

Answer:

1. Seismograph
2. Solid