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Question
the following is a direct proportion and thus a conversion factor: 1.0 g fat = 9.0 cal
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Step1: Define direct proportion
A direct proportion means the ratio between two quantities is constant. Here the ratio of grams of fat to calories is $\frac{9.0\text{ CAL}}{1.0\text{ g}} = 9.0\frac{\text{CAL}}{\text{g}}$, a constant.
Step2: Identify conversion - factor property
A conversion factor is a ratio of equal values used to convert one unit to another. Since $1.0\text{ g}$ of fat is always equal to $9.0\text{ CAL}$, it can be used as a conversion factor.
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