Question

fill in the blank. the ______ is the probability of getting a test statistic at least as extreme as the one representing the sample data, assuming that the null hypothesis is true. a. level of significance b. sample proportion c. critical value d. p - value

Explanation:

• Level of significance: It is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true. It is a pre - determined value (commonly 0.05 or 0.01) and not calculated from the test statistic in the way described in the question.
• Sample proportion: It is a measure of the proportion of a particular characteristic in a sample. For example, if we are sampling people and looking at the proportion of those who like a certain product. It has no relation to the probability of getting a test statistic as described.
• Critical value: It is a value that is compared to the test statistic to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis. It is based on the level of significance and the distribution of the test statistic, but it is not the probability of getting a test statistic as described.
• p - value: By definition, the p - value is the probability of obtaining a test statistic at least as extreme as the one that was actually observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.

Answer:

D. p - value