Question

explain what a p - value is. what is the criterion for rejecting the null hypothesis using the p - value approach?
explain what a p - value is. choose the correct answer below
oa. a p - value is the probability of observing a sample statistic as extreme or more extreme than the one observed under the assumption that the statement in the null hypothesis is true
ob. a p - value is the number of standard deviations that the observed proportion is from the proportion stated in the null hypothesis.
oc. a p - value is the value used to designate the area α in either the left - or right - tail of the normal curve

Explanation:

A P - value is a fundamental concept in hypothesis testing. It measures the strength of evidence against the null hypothesis. If the null hypothesis is assumed to be true, the P - value calculates the probability of obtaining a sample statistic as extreme or more extreme than the one actually observed. This helps in making a decision about whether to reject the null hypothesis.

Answer:

A. A P - value is the probability of observing a sample statistic as extreme or more extreme than the one observed under the assumption that the statement in the null hypothesis is true.