Question

european nations benefited from african colonies
labor and resources.
industries and artisans.
established trade routes.
well - trained military.

Explanation:

During the colonial era, European powers exploited African colonies primarily for access to abundant natural resources (like minerals, cash crops) and forced or low-wage labor to fuel their industrial and economic growth. African colonies had underdeveloped industries, pre-colonial trade routes were co-opted rather than being a "benefit" European nations gained from the colonies, and European powers did not rely on African colonial militaries as a key benefit.

Answer:

labor and resources.