Question

in the early to mid - eighteenth century, hungary had a primitive agricultural economy that employed 90 percent of the population. the nobles failed to use fertilizers, roads were poor and rivers blocked, and crude storage methods caused huge losses of grain. barter had replaced money transactions, and little trade existed between towns and the serfs. after 1760 a labor surplus developed. the serf population grew, pressure on the land increased, and the serfs standard of living declined. landowners began making greater demands on new tenants and began violating existing agreements.... between 1767 and 1848, many serfs left their holdings. most became landless farm workers because a lack of industrial development meant few opportunities for work in the towns. \historical setting\ by charles sudetic hungary: a country study edited by stephen r. burant, 1990 library of congress, federal research division based on the text, what was an unintentional consequence of the primitive farming methods on estates in hungary during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries? a. serfs collectively demanded increased rights from the nobles as tenants on their land. b. many serfs left their lands and worked on farms where they were lacked status as tenants. c. many serfs left farming and moved to urban areas where they could get jobs in factories. d. serfs collectively demanded that nobles start using more modern farming methods.

Explanation:

The text states that between 1767 and 1848, many serfs left their holdings due to the consequences of primitive farming methods like land - pressure and declined living standards. Since there was a lack of industrial development, most became landless farm workers. Option B aligns with this as it mentions serfs leaving their lands and working on farms without tenant status. Option A is not mentioned in the text about collective demands for rights. Option C is incorrect as there were few job opportunities in towns due to lack of industrial development. Option D is also not mentioned about collective demands for modern farming methods.

Answer:

B. Many serfs left their lands and worked on farms where they lacked status as tenants.