Question

for each pair of figures below, choose how they are related.

Explanation:

Translation means sliding a figure without rotating or flipping it. Reflection means flipping a figure over a line. Rotation means turning a figure around a point.
For the first pair: The figure is turned, so it's rotation.
For the second pair: The figure is not just slid (translation), not flipped (reflection), but there is a change in orientation which is not rotation (as rotation would be around a point and here it's more of a re - orientation that doesn't fit translation/reflection/rotation), but if we assume basic geometric transformations taught in early levels, maybe it's considered no transformation in the strict sense of the given options (but if we follow the marked answer in the image, we go with the user - provided markings).
For the third pair: The figure is just moved (slid) which is translation.
For the fourth pair: The figure is moved (slid) which is translation.

Answer:

1. Rotation
2. None of these (but if following the image's pre - marked (though the user might have a different intended marking, but as per the filled radio - buttons in the image: for the third and fourth, translation; first - rotation)
3. Translation
4. Translation