Question

b) choose the correct transformation (reflections).
no reflections

c) choose the correct transformation (stretches/compressions).
vertical stretch by a factor of 5

d) choose the correct transformation (vertical shifts).
vertical shift up 4 units

e) choose the correct transformation (horizontal shifts).
select an answer

Explanation:

Step1: Identify the general transformation equation

$$y = a \cdot f(b(x - h)) + k$$

Step2: Determine parameters from given transformations

$$a = 5, \quad k = 4$$

Step3: Analyze the horizontal shift

$$y = 5 \cdot f(x - h) + 4$$

Step4: Match with standard options

$$\text{Horizontal shift left 3 units}$$

Answer:

Horizontal shift left 3 units