Question

cell organelles chart
directions: complete the chart below

	structure	function	prokaryotes	eukaryotes - animal	eukaryotes - plant
organelles that build proteins	ribosomes	makes proteins
organelles that store, clean up, transport, and support
	lysosomes	breaks down cellular waste
	centrioles
organelles that capture and release energy	chloroplast
	mitochondria
cellular boundaries	cell wall
	cell membrane

Answer:

To complete the "Cell Organelles Chart", we analyze each organelle's structure, function, and presence in prokaryotes, animal eukaryotes, and plant eukaryotes:

1. Nucleus (Cellular Control Center)

• Function: Contains and protects genetic material (DNA).
• Prokaryotes: No (prokaryotes lack a nucleus).
• Animal Eukaryotes: Yes.
• Plant Eukaryotes: Yes.

2. Ribosomes (Organelles That Build Proteins)

• Function: Makes proteins (protein synthesis).
• Prokaryotes: Yes (free-floating in cytoplasm).
• Animal Eukaryotes: Yes (free in cytoplasm or attached to rough ER).
• Plant Eukaryotes: Yes (free in cytoplasm or attached to rough ER).

3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – Rough & Smooth (Organelles That Build Proteins)

• Structure: Rough ER (with ribosomes), Smooth ER (no ribosomes).
• Function: Rough ER: Modifies proteins; Smooth ER: Synthesizes lipids, detoxifies.
• Prokaryotes: No.
• Animal Eukaryotes: Yes.
• Plant Eukaryotes: Yes.

4. Golgi Apparatus (Organelles That Build Proteins)

• Structure: Stack of flattened membranes.
• Function: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins/lipids.
• Prokaryotes: No.
• Animal Eukaryotes: Yes.
• Plant Eukaryotes: Yes.

5. Vacuoles (Organelles That Store, Clean Up, Transport, and Support)

• Structure: Membrane-bound sac.
• Function: Stores water, nutrients, or waste; provides turgor (plant cells).
• Prokaryotes: No (smaller storage structures).
• Animal Eukaryotes: Small or absent (temporary storage).
• Plant Eukaryotes: Large central vacuole (stores water, maintains turgor).

6. Cytoskeleton (Organelles That Store, Clean Up, Transport, and Support)

• Structure: Network of protein filaments (microtubules, microfilaments).
• Function: Maintains cell shape, aids movement, transports materials.
• Prokaryotes: No (simpler cytoskeleton-like structures).
• Animal Eukaryotes: Yes.
• Plant Eukaryotes: Yes.

7. Centrioles (Organelles That Store, Clean Up, Transport, and Support)

• Function: Aids in cell division (mitosis/meiosis) in animal cells.
• Prokaryotes: No.
• Animal Eukaryotes: Yes (near nucleus).
• Plant Eukaryotes: No (plants use other mechanisms for division).

8. Chloroplast (Organelles That Capture and Release Energy)

• Function: Captures light energy (photosynthesis) to make glucose.
• Prokaryotes: No.
• Animal Eukaryotes: No.
• Plant Eukaryotes: Yes (in photosynthetic cells).

9. Mitochondria (Organelles That Capture and Release Energy)

• Function: Releases energy from glucose (cellular respiration) to make ATP.
• Prokaryotes: No (energy production in cytoplasm/ cell membrane).
• Animal Eukaryotes: Yes.
• Plant Eukaryotes: Yes.

10. Cell Wall (Cellular Boundaries)

• Function: Provides structure, support, and protection; regulates water uptake.
• Prokaryotes: Yes (bacterial cell wall: peptidoglycan).
• Animal Eukaryotes: No.
• Plant Eukaryotes: Yes (cellulose).

11. Cell Membrane (Cellular Boundaries)

• Function: Regulates movement of materials in/out of the cell; protects cell.
• Prokaryotes: Yes (plasma membrane).
• Animal Eukaryotes: Yes.
• Plant Eukaryotes: Yes (inside cell wall).

Filled Chart (Key Entries):

Category	Structure	Function	Prokaryotes	Eukaryotes - Animal	Eukaryotes - Plant
Organelles That Build Proteins	Ribosomes	Makes proteins	Yes	Yes	Yes
	Rough ER	Modifies proteins	No	Yes	Yes
	Smooth ER	Synthesizes lipids, detoxifies	No	Yes	Yes
	Golgi Apparatus	Modifies/sorts/packages proteins/lipids	No	Yes	Yes
Organelles That Store…	Lysosomes	Breaks down cellular waste	No	Yes	Rare
	Vacuoles	Stores water/nutrients/waste	No	Small/absent	Large (central)
	Cytoskeleton	Maintains shape, aids movement	No	Yes	Yes
	Centrioles	Aids cell division	No	Yes	No
Organelles That Capture…	Chloroplast	Photosynthesis (captures light energy)	No	No	Yes
	Mitochondria	Cellular respiration (releases energy)	No	Yes	Yes
Cellular Boundaries	Cell Wall	Structure/support/protection	Yes	No	Yes
	Cell Membrane	Regulates material movement	Yes	Yes	Yes

Use this information to fill in the remaining cells of the chart. For example:

• Nucleus: Prokaryotes = No; Animal = Yes; Plant = Yes.
• Ribosomes: Prokaryotes = Yes; Animal = Yes; Plant = Yes.
• Chloroplast: Function = Captures light energy (photosynthesis); Prokaryotes = No; Animal = No; Plant = Yes.
• Mitochondria: Function = Releases energy (cellular respiration); Prokaryotes = No; Animal = Yes; Plant = Yes.
• Cell Wall: Function = Provides structure/support; Prokaryotes = Yes; Animal = No; Plant = Yes.
• Cell Membrane: Function = Regulates material movement; Prokaryotes = Yes; Animal = Yes; Plant = Yes.

(Note: Some organelles like ER, Golgi, vacuoles, and cytoskeleton were added to complete the "Organelles That Build Proteins" and "Store, Clean Up…" categories, as the chart has empty rows for these.)