Question

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1. analysis: cause and effect

which of the following best explains how the weaknesses of the articles of confederation influenced the creation of the u.s. constitution?
a. the articles made congress too powerful, leading the framers to reduce its influence.
b. the articles gave too much power to the states, prompting the framers to strengthen the federal government.
c. the articles created a strong military, causing the framers to restrict the armys power.
d. the articles established a uniform currency, which the framers later decentralized.

1. evaluation: comparing systems

why could the articles of confederation be seen as ineffective in establishing a functional national economy?
a. it prohibited states from taxing citizens.
b. it allowed both congress and the states to coin money, creating economic confusion.
c. it gave congress unlimited power over trade and commerce.
d. it required all states to adopt identical economic systems.

1. application: federalism in action

based on the principles of federalism described in the text, which situation would best demonstrate the balance between federal and state powers under the constitution?
a. a state creating its own navy independent of the u.s. military.
b. the federal government established a national education curriculum for all schools.
c. a state setting its own traffic laws while following national safety regulations.
d. the federal government overriding state constitutions on all issues.

Explanation:

1. Question 1

• The Articles of Confederation gave too much power to the states (e.g., no federal power to tax, regulate trade effectively). This led the Framers to strengthen the federal government in the U.S. Constitution.
• Option A is wrong as Congress was weak under the Articles. Option C is incorrect because the military was weak. Option D is wrong as there was no uniform currency under the Articles.

1. Question 2

• Under the Articles, both Congress and states could coin money, leading to economic confusion.
• Option A is wrong as states could tax. Option C is incorrect as Congress had limited power over trade. Option D is wrong as there was no such requirement.

1. Question 3

• Federalism balances federal and state powers. A state setting its own traffic laws (state power) while following national safety regulations (federal - related safety standards) shows this balance.
• Option A is wrong as states can't have independent navies. Option B shows too much federal power. Option D shows no state - federal balance (all federal override).

Answer:

1. B. The Articles gave too much power to the states, prompting the Framers to strengthen the federal government.
2. B. It allowed both Congress and the states to coin money, creating economic confusion.
3. C. A state setting its own traffic laws while following national safety regulations.