Question

24.1 electric potential
electric potential energy is defined in a similar manner to gravitational potential energy. complete the following statement: these two potential energies are analogous to each other because
○ both the electric and gravitational forces are fundamental forces of nature.
○ both electric and gravitational forces are always attractive forces.
○ both the electric and gravitational forces are conservative forces.
○ both the electric and gravitational forces can be either attractive or repulsive forces.
○ both the electric and gravitational forces are dependent on the mass of particles.
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Explanation:

To determine the correct answer, we analyze each option:

• Option 1: Electric and gravitational forces are fundamental, but this doesn't directly relate to why their potential energies are analogous.
• Option 2: Electric forces can be attractive or repulsive, while gravitational forces are always attractive, so this is incorrect.
• Option 3: Both electric (Coulomb force) and gravitational forces are conservative. Conservative forces have potential energies associated with them, and the analogy in potential energy definitions comes from both being conservative.
• Option 4: Electric force depends on charge, gravitational on mass, so this is incorrect.
• Option 5: As mentioned, electric force can be repulsive, gravitational is only attractive, so this is incorrect.

Answer:

both the electric and gravitational forces are conservative forces.