Question

1. before a study on the effects of a new supplement, participants are given a full description of the studys purpose, risks, and benefits before they agree to take part. this process fulfills the ethical principle of: a. debriefing b. informed consent c. peer review d. random assignment
2. a researcher observes the behavior of children on a playground, noting their interactions without intervening or setting up any specific conditions. this is an example of: a. a case study b. naturalistic observation c. an experiment d. a double-blind procedure
3. a drug trial gives an inert pill to a group of participants to control for the psychological effects of receiving a treatment. this inert substance is a: a. confounding variable b. placebo c. dependent variable d. independent variable
4. a researcher wants to combine the statistical findings from 15 different studies on the effectiveness of a type of therapy to find an overall trend. the most appropriate method for this is a: a. meta-analysis b. case study c. qualitative research d. naturalistic observation
5. a statement such as \people who get more sleep will perform better on a memory test\ is a testable prediction, also known as a(n): a. operational definition b. independent variable c. hypothesis d. confounding variable
6. a researcher needs to define how \anger\ will be measured in a study. they decide to measure it by the number of times a participant frowns and the volume of their voice. these precise descriptions are known as: a. hypotheses b. dependent variables c. operational definitions d. random assignments
7. a scientific paper is submitted for publication, and a panel of other experts in the field evaluate its quality and validity. this process is called: a. meta-analysis b. debriefing c. replication d. peer reviews
8. a study is designed to gather and analyze numerical data about the relationship between hours of studying and test scores. this is an example of: a. qualitative research b. quantitative research c. a case study d. a meta-analysis
9. a researcher wants to ensure that every student in the school has an equal chance of being selected to participate in a study. the researcher should use a: a. random assignment b. random sample c. control group d. population
10. an educational psychologist wants to understand how biological factors, psychological experiences, and social-cultural influences affect a students performance in a class. this integrated view is known as the: a. biological psychology b. biopsychosocial approach c. qualitative research d. naturalistic observation
11. a researcher assigns participants to either the experimental or control group by flipping a coin. this procedure helps to reduce bias and is called: a. random assignment b. random sample c. single-blind procedure d. double-blind procedure
12. in an experiment, a researcher is measuring the number of errors a student makes on a test after they have been given a new type of instruction. the number of errors is the: a. independent variable b. dependent variable c. confounding variable d. placebo
13. a researcher is studying the effects of caffeine on attention. in their study, they measure the participants reaction times after consuming either a caffeinated or a non-caffeinated beverage. the reaction time is the: a. independent variable b. confounding variable c. dependent variable d. experimental group
14. in a set of test scores (85, 90, 85, 95, 100), the most frequently occurring score is the: a. mean b. median c. mode d. effect size
15. a set of test scores is arranged in ascending order: 70, 75, 80, 85, 90. the middle value in this dataset is the: a. mean b. median c. mode d. effect size
16. an experimental procedure in which only the participants are unaware of their group assignment is a: a. double-blind procedure b. single-blind procedure c. random assignment d. informed consent
17. a researchers findings from a study indicate a strong relationship between two variables. the strength of this relationship is best quantified by the: a. mean b. correlation c. effect size d. mode

Explanation:

Question 17

The process of informing participants about the study's purpose, risks, and benefits before they agree to participate is informed consent. Debriefing is after the study, peer review is for evaluating research, and random assignment is for group allocation. So the correct option is B (informed consent, assuming the option B is "informed consent" as the text seems to have a typo but contextually it's informed consent).

Observing behavior in a natural setting (playground) without intervention is naturalistic observation. A case study focuses on one case, an experiment has controlled conditions, and double - blind is about blinding in experiments. So the correct option is B.

An inert pill given in a drug trial to control for psychological effects of treatment is a placebo. A confounding variable interferes with results, dependent variable is the outcome, independent variable is the manipulated variable. So the correct option is B.

Answer:

B. informed consent

Question 18