Question

110 section 4 pharmacology

1. which of the following is considered a relative contraindication to administration of aspirin?

a. hypersensitivity to aspirin
b. history of asthma
c. preexisting liver damage
d. history of nausea

1. the most common technique for naloxone administration is via the:

a. oral route
b. intramuscular route
c. intranasal route
d. intravenous route

1. outside a hospital, a(n) ____________ is the preferred method of giving oxygen to patients who are experiencing significant respiratory distress.

a. nasal cannula
b. nonrebreathing mask
c. bag - mask device
d. endotracheal tube

1. which of the following is not a characteristic of epinephrine?

a. dilating passages in the lungs
b. secreted naturally by the pituitary gland
c. increasing the heart rate and blood pressure
d. dilating blood vessels

1. what medication is commonly administered in a metered - dose inhaler (mdi)?

a. nitroglycerine
b. albuterol
c. activated charcoal
d. naloxone

1. nitroglycerin relieves pain because its purpose is to increase blood flow by relieving the spasms or causing the arteries to:

a. dilate
b. constrict
c. thicken
d. contract

1. which of the following routes of administration involves medication being absorbed in the fat tissue between the skin and muscle?

a. intravenous
b. intramuscular
c. subcutaneous
d. intranasal
questions 12 - 16 are derived from the following scenario: you are called to a home of a 34 - year - old male who is unresponsive. when you arrive, you find the patient supine and unconscious on the living room floor, with snoring respirations.

1. which of the following medications might be useful in this situation?

a. nitroglycerin
b. albuterol
c. naloxone
d. aspirin

Explanation:

1. Hypersensitivity to aspirin is an absolute contraindication. History of asthma can be a relative contraindication as some asthmatics may have aspirin - exacerbated respiratory disease. Pre - existing liver damage and history of nausea are not typical relative contraindications for aspirin.
2. The most common route for naloxone administration is intravenous as it provides rapid onset of action.
3. Outside a hospital, for significant respiratory distress, a non - rebreather mask is preferred as it can deliver high concentrations of oxygen.
4. Epinephrine is secreted by the adrenal medulla, not the pituitary gland. It dilates lung passages, increases heart rate and blood pressure, and dilates blood vessels in certain situations.
5. Albuterol is commonly administered in a metered - dose inhaler (MDI) for bronchodilation in respiratory conditions.
6. Nitroglycerin causes arteries to dilate to increase blood flow and relieve pain.
7. The subcutaneous route involves medication being absorbed in the fat tissue between the skin and muscle.
8. Naloxone is used to reverse opioid - related unresponsiveness, so it might be useful in the case of an unresponsive patient with possible opioid overdose.

Answer:

1. B. History of asthma
2. D. intravenous route
3. B. nonrebreathing mask
4. B. Secreted naturally by the pituitary gland
5. B. Albuterol
6. A. dilate
7. C. Subcutaneous
8. C. Naloxone