Question

1. historians have divided the history of ancient egypt into three time periods: the old kingdom, the middle kingdom, and the new kingdom. identify some of the major cultural and technological achievements during the old and middle kingdoms by completing the table below.

| culture and technology |
|--|
| math and science |
| egyptian art |
| writing and literature |

1. explain how historians and others know about life in ancient egypt.

answer:

Explanation:

11.

• Math and Science: During the Old and Middle Kingdoms, Egyptians developed a decimal - based number system and made progress in geometry for construction (e.g., building pyramids). They also had knowledge of astronomy for agricultural and religious purposes.
• Egyptian Art: Characterized by stylized human figures with specific proportions, use of hieratic scale (where important figures are larger), and detailed reliefs and paintings in tombs and temples.
• Writing and Literature: Hieroglyphics were the main writing system. Literature included religious texts (like the Pyramid Texts), wisdom literature (instructions for proper living), and tales.

1. Historians and others know about life in ancient Egypt through various sources. Archaeological excavations of tombs, temples, and settlements provide physical artifacts such as tools, jewelry, and pottery. Hieroglyphic inscriptions on monuments, papyri (documents on papyrus paper), and tomb walls offer written records of laws, religious beliefs, and daily life. Artistic representations in paintings and sculptures also give insights into their appearance, social hierarchy, and activities.

Answer:

11.

• Math and Science: Decimal - based number system, geometry for construction, astronomy knowledge.
• Egyptian Art: Stylized human figures, hieratic scale, detailed reliefs and paintings.
• Writing and Literature: Hieroglyphics, religious and wisdom literature, tales.

1. Through archaeological excavations, hieroglyphic inscriptions, and artistic representations.