Question

you are riding on a bus and tossing a ball straight up and down inside the bus. what does the motion of the ball look like from your frame of reference?

Explanation:

From your frame of reference (inside the bus, moving with it), the bus is an inertial frame (assuming constant speed). The ball has the same horizontal velocity as the bus. When tossed up, it moves vertically (up then down) because horizontal velocity remains equal to yours (and the bus’s), so no horizontal displacement relative to you. Option a shows vertical motion, option b shows a parabola (which would be from a non - moving frame outside the bus).

Answer:

a. The motion of the ball looks like a vertical straight - line motion (moving straight up and then straight down) as shown in option a.