Question

a. as you read this section, fill out the chart below by summarizing reasons why the united states became an imperial power. the roots of american imperialism 1. economic roots 2. political and military roots 3. racist roots 4. what did admiral mahan urge the united states to do to protect its interests? b. for each year on the time line below, identify one important event in the history of u.s. involvement in hawaii. u.s. imperialism in hawaii 1875 1887 1890 1891 1897 1898 c. on the back of this paper, identify who queen liliuokalani and sanford b. dole were and explain how their lives were connected.

Explanation:

This problem involves analyzing historical events and factors related to American imperialism, specifically focusing on U.S. involvement in Hawaii and the roots of American imperialism. The subfield of History (under Social Science) is the most appropriate as it deals with the study of past events, their causes, and developments.

For part A (The Roots of American Imperialism):

• Economic roots: The U.S. sought new markets for industrial goods, access to raw materials (e.g., sugar from Hawaii), and investment opportunities abroad as industrialization grew.
• Political and military roots: Desire for global influence, strategic military bases (e.g., Pearl Harbor in Hawaii), and competition with other imperial powers (like European nations) drove political and military expansion.
• Racist roots: Ideas of Social Darwinism and the belief in Anglo - Saxon superiority led to the view that the U.S. had a "civilizing mission" to dominate "lesser" peoples, justifying imperialism.
• Admiral Mahan's urging: Admiral Mahan urged the U.S. to build a strong navy, acquire overseas naval bases (coaling stations), and develop a merchant marine to protect trade routes and expand American power globally.

For part B (U.S. Imperialism in Hawaii):

• 1875: The U.S. - Hawaii Reciprocity Treaty was signed, allowing Hawaiian sugar to enter the U.S. duty - free, which increased economic ties and American influence in Hawaii.
• 1887: A group of American businessmen and planters in Hawaii forced King Kalakaua to sign the Bayonet Constitution, reducing the king's power and giving more control to Americans in Hawaii.
• 1890: The U.S. McKinley Tariff was passed, which eliminated the duty - free status of Hawaiian sugar, hurting Hawaii's economy and increasing pressure for annexation to the U.S.
• 1891: Queen Liliuokalani came to power in Hawaii. She sought to restore Hawaiian sovereignty and reduce American influence.
• 1897: A treaty of annexation between the U.S. and Hawaii was negotiated, but it faced opposition in Hawaii and was not initially ratified.
• 1898: Hawaii was annexed by the U.S. through a joint resolution of Congress (after the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy in 1893), as the U.S. saw strategic value in Hawaii during the Spanish - American War.

For part C:

• Queen Liliuokalani: She was the last monarch of Hawaii, who tried to reassert Hawaiian independence and limit American control over Hawaii's government and economy.
• Sanford B. Dole: He was a prominent American businessman and politician in Hawaii. He was a leader of the American - led coup that overthrew Queen Liliuokalani in 1893 and later became the first president of the Republic of Hawaii and the first governor of the U.S. territory of Hawaii. Their lives were connected through the struggle for Hawaiian sovereignty: Dole's group (with American business interests) overthrew Liliuokalani's monarchy to further American imperial and economic goals in Hawaii.

Answer:

Part A

• Economic roots: Sought new markets, raw materials, investment opportunities.
• Political and military roots: Global influence, strategic bases, imperial competition.
• Racist roots: Social Darwinism, Anglo - Saxon superiority.
• Admiral Mahan: Build strong navy, acquire naval bases, develop merchant marine.

Part B

• 1875: U.S. - Hawaii Reciprocity Treaty signed.
• 1887: Bayonet Constitution forced on King Kalakaua.
• 1890: McKinley Tariff hurt Hawaiian sugar economy.
• 1891: Queen Liliuokalani became monarch.
• 1897: Annexation treaty negotiated (not initially ratified).
• 1898: Hawaii annexed by U.S.

Part C

• Queen Liliuokalani: Last Hawaiian monarch, fought for Hawaiian sovereignty.
• Sanford B. Dole: Led coup against Liliuokalani, promoted American control in Hawaii. Their lives connected through the struggle over Hawaiian sovereignty (Dole's group overthrew Liliuokalani's monarchy).