Question

why are lichens a good pioneer species after a volcanic eruption?
○ they are able to grow on moist soil.
○ they are able to grow on bare rock.
○ they are able to attract animals.
○ they are able to grow without water.

Explanation:

After a volcanic eruption, the area is covered with bare rock, and soil is scarce. Pioneer species need to colonize such harsh environments. Lichens can grow on bare rock as they can secrete acids to break down rock and obtain nutrients, while the other options are incorrect: moist soil is not abundant after eruption, attracting animals is not a key pioneer trait here, and lichens still need some water.

Answer:

B. They are able to grow on bare rock.