Question

which of these saw that rich people are the enemy of progress and that society will have a revolution where the poor overtake the the wealthy, pessimistic.
○ marx
○ weber
○ durkheim
○ lenski

which of these saw that societies are improving throughout time and that mankind is continually progressing? an optimist.
○ lenski
○ marx
○ durkheim
○ weber

Explanation:

First Question:

Karl Marx's theories involve the idea of class struggle, where the bourgeoisie (wealthy) are seen as opposing the progress of the proletariat (poor), and he predicted a revolution where the proletariat would overthrow the bourgeoisie. Weber, Durkheim, and Lenski do not primarily focus on this specific class - based revolutionary view as Marx does.

Lenski's work on sociocultural evolution emphasizes that societies improve over time and that mankind is on a path of continuous progress. Marx's view is more about class struggle and revolution, Durkheim focused on social solidarity, and Weber on social action and bureaucracy, not this optimistic view of continuous societal progress as Lenski proposed.

Answer:

A. Marx

Second Question: