Question

which would most likely indicate an association between the categorical variables?
the value of g is similar to the value of h.
the value of b is similar to the value of e.
the value of g is not similar to the value of h.
the value of b is not similar to the value of e.

Explanation:

Step1: Understand association in contingency tables

In a contingency table, if there is an association between two categorical variables (flower type and color here), the conditional proportions (e.g., proportion of a color within a flower type) differ from the marginal proportions (proportion of a color overall). If there is no association, \(G = H\) (proportion of white daisies \(G=\frac{\text{White daisies}}{\text{Total daisies}}\), proportion of white roses \(H = \frac{\text{White roses}}{\text{Total roses}}\)) and \(B=E\) (proportion of red roses \(B=\frac{\text{Red roses}}{\text{Total roses}}\), proportion of yellow roses \(E=\frac{\text{Yellow roses}}{\text{Total roses}}\)) etc. would follow certain patterns. If \(B
eq E\), it doesn't violate the non - association as much as when a variable related to the same flower type (like for roses, comparing red and white within roses) is not in line. But when \(G
eq H\), it shows a difference in the proportion of white flowers between daisies and roses. If \(B\) is not similar to \(E\), it's about comparing red and yellow roses. However, for association, we look at within - flower - type comparisons. If \(G\) (white daisies proportion) is not similar to \(H\) (white roses proportion), it indicates that the distribution of white flowers is different between daisies and roses, which is a sign of association.

Answer:

The value of \(G\) is not similar to the value of \(H\).