Question

which grievance was shared by both french and american revolutionaries?
a the inequality of women
b widespread starvation because of food shortages
c frequent public executions of citizens
d unfair taxation practices

Explanation:

• Option A: Women's inequality was not a primary grievance that directly sparked either revolution. The American Revolution was more about colonial - British relations and governance, and while women's status was an issue in France, it was not a shared, core grievance for the start of both revolutions.
• Option B: Widespread starvation due to food shortages was a more prominent issue in France (e.g., bad harvests in the 1780s contributing to the French Revolution), but not a major, shared grievance with the American Revolution. The American colonies had a relatively stable food supply compared to pre - revolutionary France in terms of scarcity leading to mass starvation.
• Option C: Frequent public executions (like the Reign of Terror in France) were a part of the French Revolution's later stages, not a cause or a shared grievance with the American Revolution. The American Revolution did not have such a pattern of public executions as a pre - revolutionary grievance.
• Option D:
• In America: The colonists were angry about unfair taxation like the Stamp Act, Townshend Acts, etc. The slogan “No taxation without representation” was a key rallying cry. The British imposed taxes on the colonies without giving them a voice in the British Parliament.
• In France: The Third Estate (commoners) bore the brunt of taxation. The nobility and clergy were largely exempt from many taxes, while the common people faced heavy tax burdens to support the monarchy's spending, war debts, etc.

Answer:

D. Unfair taxation practices