Question

which of the following statements is true? a system interacts with the surroundings in the universe. the universe excludes the boundary of the system. the system separates the boundary and the surroundings. the boundary is the surface where observations are made.

Explanation:

• Option A: In thermodynamics (a sub - field of Natural Science, specifically Physics), a system can exchange matter and/or energy with its surroundings (which are part of the universe). For example, a cup of hot coffee (system) loses heat (energy) to the air (surroundings).
• Option B: The universe is composed of the system and its surroundings. The boundary is part of what defines the system from the surroundings, and the universe does not exclude the boundary of the system.
• Option C: The boundary is what separates the system from the surroundings, not the system itself.
• Option D: The boundary is a demarcation between the system and the surroundings, not necessarily a surface where observations are made. Observations can be made within the system or in the surroundings.

Answer:

A. A system interacts with the surroundings in the universe.