Question

which of the following statements about electron behavior is not true?
electrons are always in constant motion.
electrons need to absorb energy to move to an energy level away from the nucleus.
electrons closer to the nucleus have more energy than electrons further from the nucleus
light can be emitted when an electron goes from an excited state to a ground state.

Explanation:

To determine the false statement, we analyze electron behavior:

• Electrons are always in motion (true, as per quantum mechanics).
• Moving to a higher energy level (farther from nucleus) requires energy absorption (true).
• Electrons closer to the nucleus have less energy than those farther out (potential energy increases with distance from nucleus).
• Emitting light occurs when electrons drop from excited to ground state (true, as energy is released as photons).

Thus, the statement "Electrons closer to the nucleus have more energy than electrons further from the nucleus" is false.

Answer:

The statement "Electrons closer to the nucleus have more energy than electrons further from the nucleus" (the third option) is not true.