Question

1. which of the following is the most accurate method for obtaining information about dietary intake?

24-hour recall
direct observation
food frequency questionnaire
3-day food diary

1. mr. flannagan has been recently diagnosed with early alzheimers. which signs or symptoms do you expect him to have as the disease worsens?

renewed interest in reading, writing, and puzzles
consistent weight gain over the next few years
difficulty learning new things, organizing, and logical thinking
remembering how to make appointments with the health provider

1. which nutritional screening tool is the most commonly used to screen institutionalized geriatric patients?

malnutrition screening tool (mst)
malnutrition universal screening tool (must)
mini nutritional assessment (mna)
nutrition risk score 2002 (nrs-2002)

1. what is the purpose of checking nitrogen balance?

it can indicate adequate or inadequate protein consumption.
it is useful in diagnosing frailty and sarcopenia.
it can measure impaired inflammatory response.
it indicates whether the person has muscle depletion.

1. mr. morris has alzheimers and has lost 21 pounds this year. he can feed himself but is very slow and panics when other people finish before he does. what intervention would be most effective?

take his plate away after the others at the table have finished.
encourage him to continue to eat and allow him more time.
serve him smaller, energy-dense portions.
ask a caregiver to assist him in eating his food faster.

Explanation:

1. Direct observation is the most accurate as it directly monitors what is consumed. A 24 - hour recall depends on memory, a food frequency questionnaire on long - term recall, and a 3 - day food diary on self - reporting accuracy.
2. Alzheimer's affects cognitive functions. Difficulty learning new things, organizing, and logical thinking is a common progression. Renewed interest is not typical, weight gain is not a consistent sign, and remembering appointment - making (a cognitive task) would likely decline.
3. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) is widely used for institutionalized geriatric patients. MST, MUST, and NRS - 2002 have different scopes or are less commonly used in this specific population.
4. Nitrogen balance is related to protein. It can indicate adequate or inadequate protein consumption as nitrogen is a component of protein. It is not directly for diagnosing frailty/sarcopenia (which has other markers), measuring inflammatory response (different tests), or indicating muscle depletion (more related to body composition measures).
5. Since he can feed himself but is slow and panics, encourage him to continue to eat and allow him more time. Taking the plate away would cause distress, smaller portions may not address the time issue, and asking to eat faster would increase panic.

Answer:

1. Direct observation
2. Difficulty learning new things, organizing, and logical thinking
3. Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)
4. It can indicate adequate or inadequate protein consumption
5. Encourage him to continue to eat and allow him more time