Question

which of the following best describes passive transport of materials across a membrane?
passive transport does not require energy and moves materials from areas of relatively higher to lower concentration.
passive transport requires energy and moves materials from areas of relatively lower to higher concentration.
passive transport requires energy and moves materials from areas of relatively higher to lower concentration.
passive transport does not require energy and moves materials from areas of relatively lower to higher concentration.

Explanation:

Passive transport is a type of membrane - transport that does not use energy (ATP). It occurs along a concentration gradient, from areas of higher to lower concentration. Active transport, on the other hand, requires energy and moves materials against the concentration gradient (from lower to higher concentration).

Answer:

Passive transport does not require energy and moves materials from areas of relatively higher to lower concentration.