Question

which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of paracrine signaling?

hormones act on the same cell that produced them

hormones act on neighboring cells through the bloodstream

hormones act on neighboring cells without entering the bloodstream

hormones act on specialized receptor cells

hormones act on distant cells through the bloodstream

Explanation:

• Autocrine signaling: Hormones act on the same cell that produced them.
• Endocrine signaling: Hormones act on distant cells through the bloodstream.
• Paracrine signaling: Hormones act on neighboring cells without entering the bloodstream.
• Receptor - ligand interaction: Hormones act on specialized receptor cells (a general aspect of signaling but not specific to paracrine).

Answer:

Hormones act on neighboring cells without entering the bloodstream.