Question

which of the following best describes an environmental problem associated with hydrologic fracturing, or fracking?
a fracking has led to an increase in the production of oil and natural gas, lowering energy prices.
b fractures in the shale will close up once the fracking fluid is removed unless fine particles, like sand, are introduced to hold them open.
c the products of fracking release more carbon dioxide and sulfur compounds into the atmosphere than other fossil fuels.
d fracking fluids can escape from the drill hole and contaminate surface water and groundwater.

Explanation:

• Option A: This is an economic aspect (lowering energy prices) rather than an environmental problem.
• Option B: This is a description of the fracking process (how fractures are kept open) and not an environmental problem.
• Option C: Fracked gas (a product of fracking) actually releases less carbon dioxide than coal (a common fossil fuel) when burned.
• Option D: Contamination of surface water and groundwater by fracking fluids is a well - known environmental concern. Fracking fluids can contain chemicals that are harmful to aquatic ecosystems and for human use if the water is contaminated.

Answer:

D. Fracking fluids can escape from the drill hole and contaminate surface water and groundwater.