Question

which error occurs due to the chance variation in the sample selected for a survey?
a. bias
b. measurement error
c. processing error
d. sampling error

Explanation:

• Bias: Refers to systematic errors in sampling or data collection, not chance variation.
• Measurement Error: Occurs due to inaccuracies in measuring instruments or methods.
• Processing Error: Arises during data - handling (e.g., coding, entry) stages.
• Sampling Error: Specifically occurs due to chance variation in the selected sample.

Answer:

d. Sampling Error